[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":48},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-sw-106-1-research-methods-005":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":23},"社會工作研究方法","research-methods",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"legacy":11,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"lawTimestamp":9,"explanation":22,"freq":10},"sw-106-1-社會工作研究方法-005","sw-106-1-research-methods-005",106,1,false,5,"當我們要判斷兩個變項間是否有因果關係時，下列那種判斷標準不合適？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"兩個變項有相關，就有因果關係","兩變項間關係不是由於第三變項造成","在時間順序上，被視為原因的變項必須先於被視為結果的變項","兩個變項之間須互為共變","A",null,[],"本題考點在於因果關係的判準。依因果推論三要件——共變關係、時間順序(因先於果)、排除虛假關係(非第三變項造成),B、C、D 分別對應第三、第二、第一項要件,都是合適的判斷標準。A 錯在「相關不等於因果」:兩變項有相關只滿足共變一項,仍可能是虛假相關(spurious relationship),例如冰淇淋銷量與溺水人數相關,實為氣溫這個第三變項造成,不能因有相關就斷定有因果,故不合適的判準是 A。",[24,28,32,36,40,44],{"webId":25,"stem":26,"number":27,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-106-1-research-methods-004","關於信效度的說明，下列何者正確？",4,{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-106-1-research-methods-006","關於演繹法的說明，何者有誤？",6,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-106-1-research-methods-003","皮爾森相關係數（r）有幾個特色，下列敘述何者錯誤？",3,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-106-1-research-methods-007","當資料呈現正偏態（positively skewed）時，下列敘述何者正確？",7,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-106-1-research-methods-002","執行研究是為了解概念，但我們仍得在研究前，針對概念給予基本描述與簡要定義。請問這個步驟是：",2,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-106-1-research-methods-008","當控制變項 Z，原先被視為有因果關係的 X 與 Y 兩個變項間的關係消失了，這個被控制的變項 Z 是：",8,1787299233077]