[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":48},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-sw-107-1-human-behavior-033":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":23},"人類行為與社會環境","human-behavior",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"legacy":11,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"lawTimestamp":9,"explanation":22,"freq":10},"sw-107-1-人類行為與社會環境-033","sw-107-1-human-behavior-033",107,1,false,33,"防衛機轉（defense mechanisms）是用以對抗日常生活中所引發的焦慮。當一個人把衝動轉移到另一個對象而非原來可以滿足自己的對象身上，例如：怨恨老師的學生，想表達自己的敵意但又怕受到懲罰，可能會轉移攻擊性到其他事物上，像是透過電玩或是寵物出氣，請問這是運用下列那一種防衛機轉？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"否定（denial）","反向（reaction formation）","替代（displacement）","昇華（sublimation）","C",null,[],"本題考點在防衛機轉中「替代（轉移）」的辨識。依精神分析防衛機轉理論，替代（displacement）指將衝動從具威脅性的原始對象，轉移到較安全、較不具威脅的替代對象——題幹中學生不敢對老師表達敵意，改對電玩或寵物出氣，正是把攻擊衝動換了對象，故選 C。A 否定是拒絕承認引發焦慮的現實（如不承認親人已過世）；B 反向是表現出與真實慾望相反的態度（如心懷敵意卻表現過度殷勤）；D 昇華是把衝動導向社會讚許的建設性活動（如把攻擊性轉化為運動競技成就），對寵物出氣並無社會建設性，故非昇華。",[24,28,32,36,40,44],{"webId":25,"stem":26,"number":27,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-107-1-human-behavior-032","依據佛洛依德（Freud）的觀點，在性蕾期（phallic stage）的階段，男孩產生因愛上母親但又害怕被父親發現自己的內心衝突，此時男孩擔心父親的報復而必須透過防衛機轉來解決心中對母親強烈的依戀，以保護自己，關於男孩內心的衝突情緒，屬下列何者的概念？",32,{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-107-1-human-behavior-034","關於老年人常見的疾病，認知缺陷的風險隨著年齡增加，且不可逆轉地影響其記憶、人格或功能，下列敘述何者正確？",34,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-107-1-human-behavior-031","兒童虐待對兒童造成的影響可能包括那些？①易怒 ②低自尊 ③自傷傷人",31,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-107-1-human-behavior-035","下列那一個概念是班杜拉（Bandura）的社會學習理論所提出，用來表達當一個留學生到了陌生的城市讀書，在沒有支持系統的情況下，靠著信念或期望，有助其適應新環境與新角色，並在面對挫折或失敗經驗時能堅持或調適？",35,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-107-1-human-behavior-030","下列有關皮亞傑（Piaget）的認知發展理論，下列何者是屬於「運思前期」階段的認知發展特徵？①不可逆思考 ②自我中心主義 ③專注焦點集中在某一細節上而忽略其他 ④物體質量保留觀念",30,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-107-1-human-behavior-036","嬰兒動作發展的順序常見分為：微微抬頭→抬頭→翻身→抬胸→獨坐→爬行→扶著桌椅行走→獨立站→ 獨立行走。請問，嬰兒發展的歷程是依循下列何種原則？①後成原則（The epigenetic principle） ②由近到遠原則（proximodistal principle） ③差距原則（gag rule） ④從頭到腳原則（cephalocaudal principle）",36,1787299235293]