[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":49},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-sw-108-2-policy-legislation-011":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":24},"社會政策與社會立法","policy-legislation",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"legacy":11,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"lawTimestamp":9,"explanation":22,"freq":23},"sw-108-2-社會政策與社會立法-011","sw-108-2-policy-legislation-011",108,2,false,11,"有關福利國家「科層－專業主義」的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"大部分戰後時期的福利國家是結合科層行政與福利專業","1970 年代中葉起，科層－專業主義被譴責為無法控制公共支出不斷增加","科層－專業主義的中立性在 1980 年代起受到挑戰，關於性別、種族、身心障礙之不平等議題形成社會運動","1990 年代起，透過大量民營化而吸納專業人才至福利科層，而建構出科層－專業主義的穩固基礎","D",null,[],"本題考點是福利國家『科層－專業主義』（bureau-professionalism）的發展脈絡。戰後福利國家結合科層行政與福利專業，1970年代中葉起因公共支出膨脹遭批評、1980年代其中立性受性別種族身障等議題挑戰。D稱1990年代『透過大量民營化吸納專業人才、建構穩固基礎』與史實相反——1990年代的民營化與市場化恰是瓦解科層－專業主義的力量，故為錯誤敘述、即答案。A、B、C皆正確描述其興衰。",1,[25,29,33,37,41,45],{"webId":26,"stem":27,"number":28,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-108-2-policy-legislation-010","關於社會運動對社會政策的影響，下列敘述何者錯誤？",10,{"webId":30,"stem":31,"number":32,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-108-2-policy-legislation-012","年金給付水準通常以「替代率」來計算，關於「替代率」的意義，下列何者為正確？",12,{"webId":34,"stem":35,"number":36,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-108-2-policy-legislation-009","對於聯合國在 1979 年通過消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約（CEDAW），並在 1981 年正式生效，下列敘述何者錯誤？",9,{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-108-2-policy-legislation-013","下列何者並非是社會投資型福利國家聚焦的面向？",13,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-108-2-policy-legislation-008","有關低收入戶審查中，不具工作能力之認定，下列何者錯誤？",8,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-108-2-policy-legislation-014","經濟全球化已造成全面性福利國家的變遷，對於主要社會政策改革的討論，不包括下列那一項？",14,1787299250448]