[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":49},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-sw-111-2-direct-service-016":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":24},"社會工作直接服務","direct-service",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"legacy":11,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"lawTimestamp":9,"explanation":22,"freq":23},"sw-111-2-社會工作直接服務-016","sw-111-2-direct-service-016",111,2,false,16,"規範倫理學的類型當中，有一類稱為「義務論」。下列對於義務論的說明何者正確？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"實務工作者有義務堅守「案主免受傷害」優先於「保密」之原則","倫理規範的持守需建立在為個別他人帶來最大益處，或為最多數人帶來最大效益之上","不因文化、價值觀或情境的不同而造成倫理標準的差異","在倫理兩難的困境中，必須選擇造成最小或最少數人傷害的規範","C",null,[],"本題考點是規範倫理學中「義務論」（deontology）與「目的論／效益論」的區辨。義務論主張行為的對錯取決於行為本身是否符合普遍的道德義務與規則，而非取決於後果，因此道德標準具普遍性、不因文化、價值觀或情境不同而改變，故 C 正確。A「案主免受傷害優先於保密」是 Loewenberg & Dolgoff 倫理原則的優先排序，屬倫理決策操作，非義務論定義。B「為最多數人帶來最大效益」正是效益論（utilitarianism）／目的論的主張，與義務論相反。D「選擇造成最小或最少數人傷害」同樣是以後果衡量對錯的目的論思維。B、D 都以「結果」定義道德，恰與義務論「以義務與規則本身定義道德」對立，故正解為 C。",1,[25,29,33,37,41,45],{"webId":26,"stem":27,"number":28,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-111-2-direct-service-015","針對倫理兩難議題的處理，Reamer（2013）曾提出「解決問題模式」（problem-solving model），其中相關的作法包括：①找出可能被影響的人、團體或組織 ②抉擇、執行並記錄 ③釐清倫理議題 ④徵詢同儕專家意見 ⑤檢視每個解決方案的可行性與優缺點 ⑥監督評估結果 ⑦提出各種可能的解決方案。其問題解決模式的步驟下列何者正確？",15,{"webId":30,"stem":31,"number":32,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-111-2-direct-service-017","有關團體工作的發展與演進，下列何者錯誤？",17,{"webId":34,"stem":35,"number":36,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-111-2-direct-service-014","有關面質的重點與目的，下列何者錯誤？",14,{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-111-2-direct-service-018","團體工作並非解決所有問題的萬靈丹，亦有其限制和弊病。下列何者不是運用團體工作方法所產生的限制？",18,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-111-2-direct-service-013","Congress（2000）建議社會工作者在面臨倫理難題時，可採用 ETHIC 五項倫理決策（ETHIC model of decision making）來輔助思考。對於 ETHIC 五項倫理決策的意涵，下列何者正確？",13,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-111-2-direct-service-019","下列敘述何者是「傳統工作團體」的定義？",19,1787299262738]