[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":49},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-sw-113-2-research-methods-008":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":24},"社會工作研究方法","research-methods",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"legacy":11,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"lawTimestamp":9,"explanation":22,"freq":23},"sw-113-2-社會工作研究方法-008","sw-113-2-research-methods-008",113,2,false,8,"若要聲稱 X 變項是導致 Y 變項的原因，下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"X 的發生時間必須在 Y 之前","X 與 Y 必須具有關聯性","其他與 Y 有關的自變項必須受到控制","影響 X 的變項必須受到控制","D",null,[],"本題考點是聲稱 X 導致 Y 所需滿足的因果條件，屬找出錯誤敘述的反向題。因果推論三要件為：時間順序上 X 須先於 Y、X 與 Y 須具關聯性、且須排除其他與 Y 相關的自變項所造成的虛假關係。據此 A（時間先後）、B（關聯性）、C（控制其他影響 Y 的自變項以排除虛假關係）皆為正確要件。D 稱「影響 X 的變項必須受到控制」則屬多餘且錯誤——因果推論要控制的是同時影響 Y（可能造成虛假關係）的第三變項，而非影響原因 X 本身的變項，故 D 為錯誤敘述、即為答案。",1,[25,29,33,37,41,45],{"webId":26,"stem":27,"number":28,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-113-2-research-methods-007","假設性別因素會透過個人的性別刻板印象進而影響個人對性別平等的看法，下列何者正確？",7,{"webId":30,"stem":31,"number":32,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-113-2-research-methods-009","有關量化研究操作化過程（operationalization）之特性，下列何者錯誤？",9,{"webId":34,"stem":35,"number":36,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-113-2-research-methods-006","有關因果關係的敘述，下列何者正確？",6,{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-113-2-research-methods-010","進行量化研究時，研究者必須將某個概念定義轉化成可進行測量的定義或指標，此過程為下列何者？",10,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-113-2-research-methods-005","對「理論和概念的關係」說明，下列何者錯誤？",5,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":9,"session":10},"sw-113-2-research-methods-011","老師透過 5 次考試，測驗學生的學習成效，這屬於下列何種作用？",11,1787299279428]